Mapudungun, sometimes spelt Mapuzugun or Mapudungu, is spoken by the Mapuche people in Chile and west central Argentina.

Aymara is spoken by the Aymara people. With 1.7 million speakers, it is an official language in Bolivia and Peru, as well as being a recognised minority language in Chile. Most Aymara speakers live in Bolivia, with significant communities in Peru, particularly around Lake Titicaca, which straddles the border between the two countries. There are smaller communities in northern Chile, and even Argentina.